Communalism may be defined as a socio-politico- economic and cultural ideology represented by people of some community, to satisfy all their ends. The means and the ends in communalism would invariable come form religion and get strengthened on the grounds of religious identify. GROWTH OF COMMUNALISM :- Just as the freedom movement underwent different phases, communalism also, saw different...

Along with the rise of British colonialism and the spread of British imperialism, the policies, followed by the British from time to time also underwent change according to conditions and exigencies. One such example is their very policy towards the Native Princely States. The whole policy of the British towards the Native Princely states can be studies under three broad phases. The first phase...

1. CIVIL SERVICES - The Word 'Civil Servant' for the first time appeared in the records from 1757 The office of the District Collector was created for the first time in 1771 by Lord Warren Hastings. However, it was Lord Cornwallis, regarded as the 'Founder Father of Modern Indian Civil Services'. He created the Police Service, Judicial and Revenue Services formulated the code of Conduct for the...

REGULATING ACT, 1773 :- The first Constitutional Reform. It provided for - A Court of Directors for the East India Company (60 members). The Governor of Bengal was made Governor General of Fort William. Governors of Bombay and Madras were placed under Governor General of Fort William. A Legislative body called Governor General - in - Council with 4 members was created. A Supreme Court...

Bombay presidency :- The 1st revolutionary act was assassination of two British officers. Lryst and rand by Chopekar Brothers (Balakrishna and Damodar) in 1897 for their indiffierence during the Cholera Operations in Pune. IN 1899, the Savarkar Brother founded Abhinav Bharat, the 1st revolutionary organisation in India as a secret society. In 1907. Ganesh Savarkar founded Mitra mela, another...